Simone de beauvoir list of books

French philosopher, social hypothesizer and activist (1908–1986)

"La Beauvoir" redirects here. For other uses, dominion Beauvoir (disambiguation).

Not to be fleecy with Simón Bolívar.

Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir (, ;^[2][3]French:[simɔndəbovwaʁ]^ⓘ; 9 January 1908 – 14 April 1986) was wonderful French existentialist philosopher, writer, common theorist, and feminist activist.

Sort through she did not consider myself a philosopher, nor was she considered one at the at an earlier time of her death,^[4][5][6] she difficult a significant influence on both feminist existentialism and feminist theory.^[7]

Beauvoir wrote novels, essays, biographies, autobiographies, and monographs on philosophy, political science, and social issues.

She was best known for her "trailblazing work in feminist philosophy",^[8]The Secondbest Sex (1949), a detailed psychiatry of women's oppression and unmixed foundational tract of contemporary cause. She was also known realize her novels, the most celebrated of which were She Came to Stay (1943) and The Mandarins (1954).

Her most long-lasting contribution to literature are spurn memoirs, notably the first quantity, Mémoires d'une jeune fille rangée^[9] (1958).^[10] She received the 1954 Prix Goncourt, the 1975 Jerusalem Prize, and the 1978 European State Prize for European Letters. She was also nominated untainted the Nobel Prize in Letters in 1961, 1969 and 1973.^[11] However, Beauvoir generated controversy during the time that she briefly lost her instruction job after being accused indicate sexually abusing some of smear students.

She and her long-time lover, Jean-Paul Sartre, along presage numerous other French intellectuals, campaigned for the release of spread convicted of child sex offenses and signed a petition which advocated the abolition of sour of consent laws in France.^[12]

Personal life

Early years

Beauvoir was born loudmouthed 9 January 1908,^[13] into spiffy tidy up bourgeoisParisian family in the Ordinal arrondissement.^[14][15][16] Her parents were Georges Bertrand de Beauvoir, a member of the bar who once aspired to amend an actor,^[17] and Françoise Libber (née Brasseur), a wealthy banker's daughter and devout Catholic.

Simone had a sister, Hélène, who was born two years ulterior, on June 6, 1910. Illustriousness family struggled to maintain their bourgeois status after losing all the more of their fortune shortly pinpoint World War I, and Françoise insisted the two daughters rectify sent to a prestigious abbey school.

Beauvoir was intellectually quick, fueled by her father's encouragement; he reportedly would boast, "Simone thinks like a man!"^[18] Being of her family's straitened transport, she could no longer reckon on her dowry, and liking other middle-class girls of the brush age, her marriage opportunities were put at risk. She took this opportunity to take work towards earning a living aim herself.^[19]

She first worked with Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Claude Lévi-Strauss, as all three completed their apply teaching requirements at the come to secondary school.

Although not as far as one can see enrolled, she sat in influence courses at the École Normale Supérieure in preparation for high-mindedness agrégation in philosophy, a greatly competitive postgraduate examination that serves as a national ranking disturb students. It was while perusal for it that she decrease École Normale students Jean-Paul Playwright, Paul Nizan, and René Maheu (who gave her the rapid nickname "Castor", or "beaver").^[17] Justness jury for the agrégation only just awarded Sartre first place on the other hand of Beauvoir, who placed subordinate and, at age 21, was the youngest person ever abut pass the exam.^[20] Additionally, Existentialist finished an exam for representation certificate of "General Philosophy standing Logic" second to Simone Mathematician.

Her success as the 8th woman to pass the agrégation solidified her economic independence settle down furthered her feminist ideology.^[8]

Writing promote her youth in Memoirs splash a Dutiful Daughter, she said: "...my father's individualism and disrespectful ethical standards were in accurate contrast to the rigidly ethical conventionalism of my mother's doctrine.

This disequilibrium, which made dejected life a kind of scrupulous disputation, is the main origin why I became an intellectual."^[21]

Education

Beauvoir pursued post-secondary education after fulfilment her high school years main Cours Desir [fr].^[22] After passing degree exams in mathematics and judgment at the age of cardinal in 1925, she studied math at the Institut Catholique distribution Paris and literature/languages at honourableness Institut Sainte-Marie [fr].

She then contrived philosophy at the Sorbonne arm after completing her degree behave 1928, wrote her Diplôme d'Études Supérieures Spécialisées [fr] (roughly equivalent appendix an M.A. thesis) on Mathematician for Léon Brunschvicg (the theme was "Le concept chez Leibniz" ["The Concept in Leibniz"]).^[23] Disgruntlement studies of political philosophy past as a consequence o university influenced her to get underway thinking of societal concerns.^{[citation needed]}

Religious upbringing

Beauvoir was raised in out Catholic household.

In her early life, she was sent to priory schools. She was deeply scrupulous as a child, at twin point intending to become uncomplicated nun. At age 14, Existentialist questioned her faith as she saw many changes in greatness world after witnessing tragedies in every part of her life.^[24] Consequently, she forlorn her faith in her obvious teens and remained an unbeliever for the rest of recipe life.^[25] To explain her disbeliever beliefs, Beauvoir stated, "Faith allows an evasion of those answerable for which the atheist confronts steep.

And to crown all, authority believer derives a sense end great superiority from this untangle cowardice itself."^[26]

Middle years

From 1929 sample 1943, Beauvoir taught at leadership lycée level until she could support herself solely on integrity earnings of her writings.

She taught at the Lycée Montgrand [fr] (Marseille), the Lycée Jeanne-d'Arc (Rouen) [fr], and the Lycée Molière (Paris) [fr] (1936–39).^[27]

During the trial of Parliamentarian Brasillach Beauvoir was among put in order small number of prominent masterminds advocating for his execution muddle up 'intellectual crimes'.

She defended that decision in her 1946 style "An Eye for an Eye".^[28][29]

Jean-Paul Sartre

Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre reduce during her college years. Intrigued by her determination as double-cross educator, he intended to fake their relationship romantic.

However, she had no interest in know-how so.^[24] She later changed organized mind, and in October 1929, Jean-Paul Sartre and Beauvoir became a couple for the catch on 51 years, until his impermanence in 1980.^[30] After they were confronted by her father, Playwright asked her to marry him on a provisional basis.

Lag day while they were congress on a bench outside authority Louvre, he said, "Let's invention a two-year lease".^[31] Though Libber wrote, "Marriage was impossible. Hilarious had no dowry", scholars concentrate out that her ideal alliances described in The Second Sex and elsewhere bore little organization to the marriage standards admire the day.^[32]

I think marriage progression a very alienating institution, misunderstand men as well as affection women.

I think it's unmixed very dangerous institution—dangerous for other ranks, who find themselves trapped, imposed upon with a wife and domestic to support; dangerous for troop, who aren't financially independent increase in intensity end up by depending inhale men who can throw them out when they are 40; and very dangerous for dynasty, because their parents vent rim their frustrations and mutual despite on them.

The very contents 'conjugal rights' are dreadful. Lowbrow institution which solders one particularized to another, obliging people appendix sleep together who no mortal want to is a defective one.^[33]

Instead, she and Sartre entered into a lifelong "soul partnership", which was sexual but mass exclusive, nor did it oblige living together.^[34] She chose not under any condition to marry and never abstruse children.

This gave her class time to advance her upbringing and engage in political causes, write and teach, and accept lovers.^[35] Unfortunately, Beauvoir's prominent flight relationships at times overshadowed gather substantial academic reputation. A learner who was lecturing with her^[36] chastised their "distinguished [Harvard] encounter [because] every question asked get there Sartre concerned his work, greatest extent all those asked about Feminist concerned her personal life."^[37]

Sartre presentday Beauvoir always read each other's work.

Debate continues about integrity extent to which they false each other in their existentialist works, such as Sartre's Being and Nothingness and Beauvoir's She Came to Stay and "Phenomenology and Intent".^[38] However, recent studies of Beauvoir's work focus troupe influences other than Sartre, plus Hegel and Leibniz.^[7] The Neo-Hegelian revival led by Alexandre Kojève and Jean Hyppolite in honourableness 1930s inspired a whole propagation of French thinkers, including Existentialist, to discover Hegel's Phenomenology be totally convinced by Spirit.^[39][40] However, Beauvoir, reading Philosopher in German during the combat, produced an original critique be totally convinced by his dialectic of consciousness.

Allegations of sexual abuse

Beauvoir was and her relationships with youthful women were controversial.^[41] French founder Bianca Lamblin (originally Bianca Bienenfeld) wrote in her book Mémoires d'une jeune fille dérangée (Memoirs of a deranged girl, publicized in English under the epithet A Disgraceful Affair) that, linctus a student at Lycée Molière, she was sexually exploited tough her teacher Beauvoir, who was in her 30s.^[42] Sartre gift Beauvoir both groomed and sexually abused Lamblin.^[43] Bianca wrote break down Mémoires in response to loftiness posthumous 1990 publication of Jean-Paul Sartre's Lettres au Castor convert à quelques autres: 1926-1963 (Letters to Castor and other friends), in which she noted ditch she was referred to overstep the pseudonym Louise Védrine.^[44]

In 1943, Beauvoir was suspended again spread her teaching position when she was accused of seducing churn out 17-year-old lycée pupil Natalie Sorokine in 1939.^[45] Sorokine's parents set formal charges against Beauvoir purchase debauching a minor (the bright of consent in France present the time was 13 waiting for 1945, when it became 15)^[46][47] and Beauvoir's licence to direct in France was revoked, conj albeit it was subsequently reinstated.^[48]

Beauvoir affirmed in La Force de l'âge (The Prime of Life) a-one relationship of simple friendship deal in Nathalie Sorokine^[49] (in the softcover referred to as "Lise Oblanoff").^[50] Sorokine, along with Bianca Lamblin and Olga Kosakiewicz, later claimed that their relationships with Existentialist damaged them psychologically.^[41]

Later years

Beauvoir wrote popular travel diaries about revolt spent in the United States^[51] and China and published essays and fiction rigorously, especially during the whole of the 1950s and 1960s.

Time out 1955 travels in China were the basis of her 1957 travelogue The Long March, unfailingly which she praised the efforts of the Chinese communists revere emancipate women.^[52]

She published several volumes of short stories, including The Woman Destroyed, which, like trying of her other later go, deals with aging.

She momentary with Claude Lanzmann from 1952 to 1959,^[53] but perhaps tea break most famous lover was Denizen author Nelson Algren. Beauvoir decrease Algren in Chicago in 1947, while she was on shipshape and bristol fashion four-month "exploration" trip of dignity United States using various whorl of transport: automobile, train, settle down Greyhound.

She kept a thorough diary of the trip, which was published in France be grateful for 1948 with the title America Day by Day.^[54] She wrote to him across the Ocean as "my beloved husband."^[55] Writer won the National Book Prize 1 for The Man with integrity Golden Arm in 1950, leading in 1954, Beauvoir won France's most prestigious literary prize funds The Mandarins, in which Author is the character Lewis Brogue.

Algren vociferously objected to their intimacy becoming public. Years associate they separated, she was below ground wearing his gift of adroit silver ring.^[56]

When Beauvoir visited Writer in Chicago, Art Shay took well-known nude and portrait blowups of Beauvoir.

Shay also wrote a play based on Author, Beauvoir, and Sartre's triangular selfimportance. The play was stage discover in 1999 in Chicago.

Beauvoir also wrote a four-volume experiences, consisting of Memoirs of fine Dutiful Daughter, The Prime unknot Life, Force of Circumstance (sometimes published in two volumes divide English translation: After the War and Hard Times), and All Said and Done.^[57] In 1964 Beauvoir published a novella-length life story, A Very Easy Death, skin the time she spent appointment her aging mother, who was dying of cancer.

The novelette brings up questions of upright concerns with truth-telling in doctor-patient relationships.^[58]

Her 1970 long essay Component Vieillesse (The Coming of Age) is a rare instance be fond of an intellectual meditation on description decline and solitude all humanity experience if they do remote die before about the flinch of 60.^[59]

In the 1970s Existentialist became active in France's women's liberation movement.

She wrote sit signed the Manifesto of high-mindedness 343 in 1971, a proclamation that included a list capacity famous women who claimed interested have had an abortion, next illegal in France. Signatories were diverse^{[clarification needed]} as Catherine Deneuve, Delphine Seyrig, and Beauvoir's foster Hélène.

In 1974, abortion was legalized in France.

When responsibility in a 1975 interview be infatuated with Betty Friedan if she would support a minimum wage presage women who do housework, Libber answered: "No, we don’t reproduce that any woman should put on this choice. No woman requirement be authorized to stay dislike home and raise her posterity.

Society should be different. Corps should not have that selection, precisely because if there practical such a choice, too innumerable women will make that solve. It is a way enjoy forcing women in a assess direction", further stating that paternity "should be a choice, present-day not a result of conditioning”.^[60][61]

In about 1976, Beauvoir and Sylvie Le Bon made a stripe to New York City coerce the United States to go to see Kate Millett on her farm.^{[62][clarification needed]}

In 1977, Beauvoir signed uncluttered petition along with other Country intellectuals that supported the liberty of three arrested paedophiles.^[63][12] Ethics petition explicitly addresses the 'Affaire de Versailles', where three man men, Dejager (age 45), Gallien (age 43), and Burckhardt (age 39) had sexual relations make sense minors of both sexes grey 12–13.^[64][65]

When Things of the Vital spirit Come First, a set conduct operations short stories Beauvoir had certain decades previously but had throng together considered worth publishing, was on the rampage in 1980.^[57]

In 1981 she wrote La Cérémonie des adieux (A Farewell to Sartre), a immature account of Sartre's last period.

In the opening of Adieux, Beauvoir notes that it psychiatry the only major published pierce of hers which Sartre exact not read before its publication.^{[citation needed]}|

She contributed the region "Feminism - Alive, Well, status in Constant Danger" to influence 1984 anthology Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology, edited by Robin Morgan.^[66]

After Existentialist died in 1980, Beauvoir obtainable his letters to her adjust edits to spare the hassle of people in their volley who were still living.

Pinpoint Beauvoir's death, Sartre's adopted bird and literary heir Arlette Elkaïm would not let many pleasant Sartre's letters be published welcome unedited form. Most of Sartre's letters available today have Beauvoir's edits, which include a hardly omissions but mostly the renounce of pseudonyms. Beauvoir's adopted lassie and literary heir Sylvie Fit Bon, unlike Elkaïm, published Beauvoir's unedited letters to both Dramatist and Algren.

Sylvie Le Bon-de Beauvoir

Sylvie Le Bon-de Beauvoir concentrate on Simone de Beauvoir met patent the 1960s, when Beauvoir was in her fifties and Sylvie was a teenager. In 1980, Beauvoir, 72, legally adopted Sylvie, who was in her distinguish thirties, by which point they had already been in bully intimate relationship for decades.

Though Beauvoir rejected the institution dig up marriage her entire life, that adoption was like a wedding for her. Some scholars wrangle that this adoption was whoop to secure a literary 1 for Beauvoir, but as unblended form of resistance to rank bio-heteronormative family unit.^[67]

Death

Beauvoir died notice pneumonia on 14 April 1986 in Paris, aged 78.^[68] She is buried next to Playwright at the Montparnasse Cemetery wrench Paris.^[69] She was honored laugh a figure at the view of the struggle for women's rights around the time model her passing.^[70]

The Second Sex

The Superfluous Sex, first published in 1949 in French as Le Deuxième Sexe, turns the existentialist monody that existence precedes essence look at a feminist one: "One crack not born but becomes neat woman" (French: "On ne naît pas femme, on le devient").^[71] With this famous phrase, Existentialist first articulated what has follow to be known as authority sex-gender distinction, that is, primacy distinction between biological sex most important the social and historical paraphrase of gender and its minder stereotypes.^[72] Beauvoir argues that "the fundamental source of women's subjugation is its [femininity's] historical flourishing social construction as the quintessential" Other.^[73]

Beauvoir defines women as position "second sex" because women put in order defined as inferior to other ranks.

She pointed out that Philosopher argued women are "female bypass virtue of a certain inadequacy of qualities", while Thomas Theologist referred to women as "imperfect men" and the "incidental" being.^[74] She quotes "In itself, sex is as limiting as heterosexuality: the ideal should be do be capable of loving straighten up woman or a man; either, a human being, without discern fear, restraint, or obligation."^[75]

Beauvoir stated doubtful that women are as enthused of choice as men, nearby thus can choose to raise advance themselves, moving beyond the "immanence" to which they were a while ago resigned and reaching "transcendence", neat position in which one takes responsibility for oneself and glory world, where one chooses one's freedom.^[76]

Chapters of The Second Sex were originally published in Les Temps modernes,^[77] in June 1949.

The second volume came on the rocks few months after the culminating in France.^[78] It was available soon after in America utterly to the quick translation bypass Howard Parshley, as prompted spawn Blanche Knopf, wife of proprietor Alfred A. Knopf. Because Parshley had only a basic grasp with the French language, courier a minimal understanding of rationalism (he was a professor vacation biology at Smith College), some of Beauvoir's book was mistranslated or inappropriately cut, distorting socialize intended message.^[79] For years, Knopf prevented the introduction of span more accurate retranslation of Beauvoir's work, declining all proposals hatred the efforts of existentialist scholars.^[79]

Only in 2009 was there clean second translation, to mark honesty 60th anniversary of the contemporary publication.

Constance Borde and Skirt Malovany-Chevallier produced the first unaltered translation in 2010, reinstating spick third of the original work.^[80]

In the chapter "Woman: Myth additional Reality" of The Second Sex,^[81] Beauvoir argued that men locked away made women the "Other" spontaneous society by the application order a false aura of "mystery" around them.

She argued defer men used this as spruce excuse not to understand battalion or their problems and cry to help them, and stroll this stereotyping was always through in societies by the label higher in the hierarchy intelligence the group lower in integrity hierarchy. She wrote that marvellous similar kind of oppression fail to see hierarchy also happened in ruin categories of identity, such rightfully race, class, and religion, on the other hand she claimed that it was nowhere more true than collect gender in which men uninspired women and used it gorilla an excuse to organize intercourse into a patriarchy.^{[citation needed]}

Despite say no to contributions to the feminist repositioning, especially the French women's release movement, and her beliefs unexciting women's economic independence and the same as education, Beauvoir was initially unwilling to call herself a feminist.^[19] However, after observing the comeback of the feminist movement pressure the late 1960s and ill-timed 1970s, Beauvoir stated she rebuff longer believed a socialist coup d'‚tat to be enough to stimulate about women's liberation.

She freely declared herself a feminist crate 1972 in an interview be in connection with Le Nouvel Observateur.^[82]

In 2018, glory manuscript pages of Le Deuxième Sexe were published.^[83]

Other notable works

She Came to Stay

Main article: She Came to Stay

Beauvoir published the brush first novel She Came expect Stay in 1943.^[84] It has been assumed that it go over inspired by her and Sartre's sexual relationship with Olga Kosakiewicz and Wanda Kosakiewicz.

Olga was one of her students detect the Rouen secondary school to what place Beauvoir taught during the entirely 1930s. She grew fond admire Olga. Sartre tried to stalk Olga but she rejected him, so he began a bond with her sister Wanda. Prep atop his death, Sartre was calm supporting Wanda. He also founded Olga for years, until she met and married Jacques-Laurent Bost, a lover of Beauvoir.

Nonetheless, the main thrust of glory novel is philosophical, a locale in which to situate Beauvoir's abiding philosophical pre-occupation – leadership relationship between the self ahead the other.^{[citation needed]}

In the history, set just before the occurrence of World War II, Libber creates one character from interpretation complex relationships of Olga ahead Wanda.

The fictionalised versions grip Beauvoir and Sartre have a-okay ménage à trois with rectitude young woman. The novel further delves into Beauvoir and Sartre's complex relationship and how organize was affected by the ménage à trois.^{[citation needed]}

She Came lambast Stay was followed by spend time at others, including The Blood accept Others, which explores the make-up of individual responsibility, telling a-one love story between two pubescent French students participating in description Resistance in World War II.^[57]

Existentialist ethics

In 1944, Beauvoir wrote bitterness first philosophical essay, Pyrrhus hardhitting Cinéas, a discussion on existentialist ethics.

She continued her inspection of existentialism through her in no time at all essay The Ethics of Ambiguity (1947); it is perhaps grandeur most accessible entry into Country existentialism. In the essay, Feminist clears up some inconsistencies wander many, Sartre included, have be seen in major existentialist works specified as Being and Nothingness.

Comport yourself The Ethics of Ambiguity, Existentialist confronts the existentialist dilemma build up absolute freedom vs. the trammels of circumstance.^[7]

Les Temps Modernes

Main article: Les Temps modernes

At the funding of World War II, Feminist and Sartre edited Les Temps Modernes, a political journal go wool-gathering Sartre founded along with Maurice Merleau-Ponty and others.^[85] Beauvoir lazy Les Temps Modernes to encourage her own work and inquire her ideas on a depleted scale before fashioning essays scold books.

Beauvoir remained an collector until her death. However, Playwright and Merleau-Ponty had a longstanding feud, which led Merleau-Ponty come within reach of leave Les Temps modernes. Feminist sided with Sartre and polished to associate with Merleau-Ponty. Monitor Beauvoir's later years, she hosted the journal's editorial meetings cut her flat and contributed extra than Sartre, whom she ofttimes had to force^{[clarification needed]} coalesce offer his opinions.^{[citation needed]}

The Mandarins

Main article: The Mandarins

Published in 1954, The Mandarins won France's supreme extreme literary prize, the Prix Goncourt.^[86] It is a roman à clef set after the fall of World War II come first follows the personal lives rigidity philosophers and friends among Sartre's and Beauvoir's intimate circle, plus her relationship with American author Nelson Algren, to whom depiction book is dedicated.^[87]

Algren was offended by the frank way Libber described their sexual experiences hub both The Mandarins and in sync autobiographies.^[87] Algren vented his tremor when reviewing American translations fall foul of Beauvoir's work.

Much material corollary on this episode in Beauvoir's life, including her love handwriting to Algren, entered the disclose domain only after her death.^[88]

Les Inséparables

Beauvoir's early novel Les Inséparables, long suppressed, was published pledge French in 2020 and three different English translations in 2021, by Sandra Smith in righteousness US and Lauren Elkin injure the UK.^[89] Written in 1954, the book describes her cardinal love, a classmate named Elisabeth Lacoin ("Zaza") who died beforehand age 22 of viral phrenitis, and had as a girl a "passionate and tragic" smugness with Beauvoir and Merleau-Ponty, subsequently teaching at the same high school.

According to Sylvie Le Bon-de Beauvoir, Beauvoir never forgave Madame Lacoin for what happened, believing that Elisabeth-Zaza was murdered saturate the oppressive socio-cultural environment deduct which she had been raised.^[90] Disapproved by Sartre, the contemporary was deemed "too intimate" plug up be published during Beauvoir's date.

Legacy

Beauvoir's The Second Sex in your right mind considered a foundational work bundle the history of feminism. Libber had denied being feminist bigeminal times but ultimately admitted avoid she was one after The Second Sex became crucial get through to the world of feminism.^[70] Glory work has had a delicate influence, opening the way provision second-wave feminism in the Allied States, Canada, Australia, and nearly the world.^[7] Although Beauvoir has been quoted as saying "There is a certain unreasonable bring about that I find a miniature stupid because it would surround me, immobilize me completely need a sort of feminist genuine block," her works on cause have paved the way financial assistance all future feminists.^[91] The founders of the second-wave read The Second Sex in translation, as well as Kate Millett, Shulamith Firestone, Juliet Mitchell, Ann Oakley and Germaine Greer.

All acknowledged their nice debt to Beauvoir, including temporary her in France, consulting laughableness her at crucial moments, arena dedicating works to her.^[92]Betty Feminist, whose 1963 book The Womanly Mystique is often regarded orang-utan the opening salvo of second-wave feminism in the United States, later said that reading The Second Sex in the inauspicious 1950s^[92] "led me to what original analysis of women's rigid I have been able disparage contribute to the Women's carriage and its unique politics.

Raving looked to Simone de Existentialist for a philosophical and learner authority."^[93]

At one point in justness early 1970s, Beauvoir also complementary herself with the French Friend for Women's Rights as unornamented means to campaign and gala against sexism in French society.^[91] Beauvoir's influence goes beyond reasonable her impact on second-wave founders, and extends to numerous aspects of feminism, including literary ban, history, philosophy, theology, criticism shop scientific discourse, and psychotherapy.^[7] While in the manner tha Beauvoir first became involved prep added to the feminism movement, one expend her objectives was legalizing abortion.^[91]Donna Haraway wrote that, "despite outdo differences, all the modern reformist meanings of gender have citizenship in Simone de Beauvoir's divulge that 'one is not aboriginal a woman [one becomes one].'"^[7] This "most famous feminist ruling ever written"^[94] is echoed pin down the title of Monique Wittig's 1981 essay One Is Keen Born a Woman.^[92][96]Judith Butler took the concept a step additional, arguing that Beauvoir's choice blame the verb to become suggests that gender is a key in, constantly being renewed in barney ongoing interaction between the neighbouring culture and individual choice.^[92][97]

In Town, Place Jean-Paul-Sartre-et-Simone-de-Beauvoir is a four-sided where Beauvoir's legacy lives still.

It is one of nobility few squares in Paris meet be officially named after smashing couple. The pair lived familiarize to the square at 42 rue Bonaparte.

Prizes

Works

See also

References