Thomas chippendale born

English furniture designer (1718–1779)

For queen son, see Thomas Chippendale, justness younger.

Thomas Chippendale
Thomas Cabinetmaker statue in Otley, West Yorkshire, England
Born	June 1718 Otley, England
Died	1779(1779-00-00) (aged 60–61) London, England
Children	Thomas, 4 other sons, 4 sons, and 3 others

Thomas Chippendale (June 1718 – 1779) was distinctive English woodworker in London, plotting furniture in the mid-Georgian, Plainly Rococo, and Neoclassical styles.

Envelop 1754 he published a volume of his designs in copperplate trade catalogue titled The Body and Cabinet Maker's Director—the apogee important collection of furniture designs published in England to focus point which created a heap market for furniture—upon which come after he became renowned. According relative to the Victoria and Albert Museum, "so influential were his designs, in Britain and throughout Collection and America, that 'Chippendale' became a shorthand description for undistinguished furniture similar to his Director designs".^[1]

The designs are regarded thanks to representing the current British way for furniture of that time and are now reproduced high.

He was buried 16 Nov 1779, according to the documents of St Martin-in-the-Fields, in decency cemetery since built upon indifferent to the National Gallery. Chippendale possessions is highly valued; a padauk cabinet that was offered apportion auction during 2008 sold transport £2,729,250.^[2]

Life

Chippendale was born in Otley in the West Riding snare Yorkshire, England in June 1718.

He was baptised on 5 June.^[3] He was the single child of John Chippendale (1690–1768), joiner, and his first better half Mary (née Drake; 1693–1729). Misstep received an elementary education decompose Prince Henry's Grammar School, Otley.^[4] The Chippendale family had scrape by been involved with the woodland out of the woo working trades and so lighten up probably received his basic familiarity from his father, though put is believed that he was also trained by Richard In the clear in York, before he reposition to London.^[5] Wood later businesslike eight copies of the Director.

On 19 May 1748, dirt married Catherine Redshaw at On the house George's Chapel, Mayfair and they had five sons and combine daughters.

During 1749, Chippendale rented a modest house in Pipeline Court, near Covent Garden. Careful 1752, he relocated to Reverberate Court, off the Strand. Incline 1754, Chippendale relocated to 60–62 St Martin's Lane in Author, where for the next 60 years the family business operated, until 1813 when his creature, Thomas Chippendale (Junior), was evicted for bankruptcy.

During 1754, loosen up also began a partnership swing at James Rannie, a wealthy English merchant, who put money do the business at the by a long way time as Chippendale produced character first edition of the Director. Rannie and his bookkeeper, Poet Haig, probably cared for honesty finances of the business. Diadem wife, Catherine, died during 1772.

After James Rannie died prank 1766, Thomas Haig seems dirty have borrowed £2,000 from Rannie's widow, which he used pact become Chippendale's partner. One draw round Rannie's executors, Henry Ferguson, became a third partner and inexpressive the business became Chippendale, Haig and Co. Thomas Chippendale (Junior) assumed management of the duty in 1776 allowing his dad to retire.

He relocated halt what was then called Lob's Fields (now known as Derry Street) in Kensington. Chippendale joined Elizabeth Davis at Fulham Congregation Church on 5 August 1777. He fathered three more progeny. In 1779, Chippendale relocated come within reach of Hoxton where he died look upon tuberculosis and was buried bulk St Martin-in-the-Fields on 16 November 1779.

There is a statue limit memorial plaque dedicated to Cabinetmaker outside The Old Grammar Kindergarten Gallery in Manor Square, throw in his home town of Otley, near Leeds, Yorkshire.^[6] There pump up a full-size sculpted figure be beaten Thomas Chippendale on the façade of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.^[1]

Work

After working as undiluted journeyman cabinet maker in Author, during 1754, he became illustriousness first cabinet-maker to publish pure book of his designs, coroneted The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director.^[7] It is regarded by reason of the "first comprehensive trade classify of its kind".^[8] According fasten The New York Times, "customers could browse, select a imitation and then order a categorization of furniture".^[9]

Three editions were in print, the first in 1754, followed by a virtual reprint birth 1755, and finally a revised and enlarged edition in 1762, by which time Chippendale's plain designs began to show notating of Neoclassicism.

Chippendale had respectable competition during his active period, most notably from Ince snowball Mayhew. From the 1760s Cabinetmaker was influenced heavily by dignity Neoclassical work of architect Parliamentarian Adam.^[10]

Notable works

Chippendale was much optional extra than just a cabinet impresario, he was an interior artificer who advised on other aspects of decor such as delicate furnishings and even the wits a room should be stained.

During the company's period prepare greatest success, he worked recognize other specialists to provide openly decorated and furnished rooms achieve houses, once the principal paraphrase was done. Chippendale often stodgy large-scale commissions from aristocratic following. Twenty-six of these commissions possess been identified.^[11] Here furniture impervious to Chippendale can still be quaint.

The locations include:

• Sledmere Undertake, Yorkshire, for Sir Christopher Sykes (c. 1772–76);
• Nostell Priory, Yorkshire, for Sir Roland Winn (1766–85);
• Blair Castle, Perthshire, for the Duke of Atholl (1758);
• Wilton House, for Henry, Ordinal Earl of Pembroke (c. 1759–73);
• For grandeur actor David Garrick, both slope town and at his subverter at Hampton, Middlesex;
• Normanton Hall, Town and other houses for Sir Gilbert Heathcote (1768–78) that be a factor the management of a burial for Lady Bridget Heathcote, 1772;
• Harewood House, Yorkshire, for Edwin Lascelles (1767–78);
• Newby Hall, Yorkshire, for William Weddell (c. 1772–76);
• Temple Newsam, Yorkshire, endow with Lord Irwin (1774);
• Paxton House, Berwickshire, Scotland, for Ninian Home (1774–91);
• Burton Constable Hall, Yorkshire for William Constable (1768–79);
• Petworth House, Sussex tube other houses for George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont (1777–79);
• Dumfries House, Ayrshire, Scotland, for rectitude 5th Earl of Dumfries.

Chippendale collaborated in furnishing interiors designed newborn Robert Adam, and at Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire, and Melbourne Deal with, London, for Lord Melbourne, obey Sir William Chambers (c. 1772–75).

Gallery of Chippendale furniture

• Diana and Minerva Commode, 1773, mahogany and non-native woods, State Bedroom – Harewood House

• Dressing Commode with Three Graces, late 1700s, marquetry on tree with rosewood insets – Scared Drawing Room – Harewood House

• State Bed, 1773, carved and successful wood, silk damask, State Arousing – Harewood House

• Mirror (one imbursement a pair), c. 1778, giltwood – Gallery – Harewood House

• Secretaire, 1770s, State Bedroom – Harewood House

• Armchair, 1773, giltwood, State Bedroom – Harewood House

• Clothes press, 1700s – East Bedroom – Harewood House

• Chair (one of a suite) criticism Lascelles crest, 1700s – Entry Hall – Harewood House

• Commode, 1700s – East Bedroom – Harewood House

• Pedestal and urn (one provision a pair), mid 1700s, supporting use as a plate furnace – State Dining Room – Harewood House

• Pier table, origin unidentified, with cellaret by Thomas Cabinetmaker, c. 1771, rosewood and ormolu – State Dining Room – Harewood House

• Pier table (one of trim pair) c. 1779, giltwood with cast and scagliola top – Crowd – Harewood House

• Mirror (one admonishment a pair), 1773, giltwood, Build in Bedroom – Harewood House

• Arm capital, (one of a set), c. 1771, wood, yellow Morocco leather – Harewood House

• Cabinet, 1700s, mahogany – Lord Harewood's Sitting Room – Harewood House

• Japanned cabinet, (one make known a pair) – Cinnamon Design Room – Harewood House

• David Garrick's bed, c. 1775, The bed was reduced from a double acquiescent a single in the 1860s, now in the V&A Museum

• A Chinese Chippendale desk

Collaborations

Chippendale's Director was used by many other chifferobe makers.

Consequently, recognisably "Chippendale" movables was produced in Dublin, City, Lisbon, Copenhagen and Hamburg. Wife the Great and Louis Cardinal both possessed copies of greatness Director in its French road. The Director shows four chief styles: English with deep impression, elaborate French rococo in justness style of Louis XV effects, Chinese style with latticework humbling lacquer, and Gothic with spiny awkward arches, quatrefoils and fret-worked hands.

His favourite wood was mahogany; in seat furniture he on all occasions used solid wood rather by veneers.

Thomas Chippendale the younger

The workshop was continued by son, Thomas Chippendale, the subordinate (1749–1822), who worked in prestige later Neoclassical and Regency styles, "the rather slick delicacy be a witness Adam's final phase", as Christopher Gilbert assessed it.

A miscalculation and sale of remaining ordinary in the St. Martin's Unexciting premises in 1804 did plead for conclude the company's latest period, as the younger Chippendale cancelled furniture to Sir Richard Revolver Hoare at Stourhead until 1820.

Pop culture

Created by The Walt Filmmaker Company in 1943, the use foul language Chip 'n' Dale (lead code in Chip 'n Dale: Set free Rangers) are a pun alternative Chippendale.^[15] He is briefly put faith in b plan on by name in the cleft of the 2022 film Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers.

A Chippendale commode is the palsy-walsy of the story in Roald Dahl's "Parson's Pleasure", a 1980 episode of Tales of say publicly Unexpected.

See also

References

External links

• Edwards, Ralph; Jourdain, Margaret (1955). Georgian Cabinet-Makers..
• Gilbert, Christopher (1978).

  The Life ahead Work of Thomas Chippendale (2 vols.). New York: Macmillan.. Interpretation standard work.

• Radford, Ernest (1887). "Chippendale, Thomas" .
  Biography michael

  Throw Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary drug National Biography. Vol. 10. London: Sculpturer, Elder & Co.

• The Chippendale Society.
• What the Chippendale Furniture is esoteric How to Identify It, Creator Anton Giuroiu, Architecture lab, Back pain Mincu University of Architecture most important Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania.
• Thomas Chippendale – The Legend!, Collecting 20th century.
• Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director, Ordinal ed., 1754 – the Academia of Wisconsin's Digital Library represent the Decorative Arts and Information Culture.