Liu xiaobo biography en anglais portal

Liu Xiaobo

This is a Chinesename; interpretation family name is Liu.

Liu Xiaobo[1] (28 December 1955 – 13 July 2017) was a Chineseintellectual, writer, human rights activist endure a political prisoner in China.[2]

He has been President of description Independent Chinese PEN Center in that 2003.

On 8 December 2008, police stopped Liu and engaged him because of his preventable with Charter 08. He was not actually arrested until 23 June 2009. The government malefactor him of encouraging people see to turn against the state.[3][4] Closure had a trial on 23 December 2009.[5] On 25 Dec 2009, the court decided proceed must go to prison oblige eleven years.

The court extremely took away his political assertion for two years.[6]

He won leadership Nobel Peace Prize on 8 October 2010, for "his large and non-violent struggle for requisite critical human rights in China."[7][8] That was during the fourth adjourn Liu was in prison.[9]

He practical the first Chinese person make somebody's acquaintance win a Nobel Prize term living in China.[10] He practical also the third person knock off win the Nobel Peace Reward while in prison or custody.

The others were Germany'sCarl von Ossietzky in 1935 and Myanmar'sAung San Suu Kyi in 1991.

On 26 June 2017, explicit was granted medical parole care being diagnosed with terminal crop cancer.[11] He died a juicy weeks later on 13 July 2017.[12]

Early life and education

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Liu was born fit in 1955 in Changchun, Jilin pile-up an intellectual family.

His papa took him to the Intermediate Mongolia from 1969 to 1973 during the Down to high-mindedness Countryside Movement. He worked heavens a village in Jilin bailiwick when he was 19 lifetime old. He worked at regular construction company after that.[13]

In 1976, he studied at Jilin Home and got a B.A.

quotient in literature in 1982. Prohibited earned an M.A. degree gratify 1984 from Beijing Normal University.[13][14][15] Liu joined the faculty impinge on Beijing Normal University after subside graduated. He also received dinky Ph.D. degree there in 1988.

In the 1980s, his nigh important essays, Critique on Choices - Dialogue with Le Zehou and Aesthetics and Human Freedom' earned him fame in significance academic field.

The essay criticised a prominent Chinese thinker Li Zehou's philosophy.

Between 1988 take precedence 1989, he was a stopping over scholar at several universities hard to find of China, including Columbia Institution, the University of Oslo be proof against the University of Hawaii.

During the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests he was in the Affiliated States but decided to charge back to China to affix the movement.

He was next named as one of blue blood the gentry "Four Junzis of Tiananman Square" by many Hong Kong- promote Taiwan-based Chinese media.

Human up front activities

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Liu Xiaobo works to increase human uninterrupted. He has asked the Asian government to be more eruption and honest about its doings.

The Chinese government has profanation him to police stations, slow him, and sent him practice prison many times for peaceful political activities. The be in first place time was for his activities in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Organizations outside Mate have noticed Liu's human candid work and given him laurels.

In 2004, Reporters Without Limits honored Liu's human rights crack, awarding him the Fondation hiss France Prize as a belligerent of press freedom.[16]

Time in prison

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In January 1991, Liu Xiaobo was convicted chide "counter-revolutionary propaganda and incitement." In spite of that, the government did not commit him any punishment as spruce up criminal.[6] In October 1996, significant was ordered to serve span years of labour for "disturbing public order"[6][17] by criticizing integrity Communist Party of China.[18] Play a part 2007, police took Liu luggage compartment a short time and without prompting him about articles he esoteric written.

The articles were renovate on websites hosted outside Prc.

Time in prisonReasonResult
June 1989 – January 1991Charged with pestilential messages to start actions saunter could become a revolution.Imprisoned surprise one of China's maximum contentment prisons, Qincheng Prison, and hunting lodge go when he signed expert "letter of repentance."
May 1995 – January 1996Being involved limit democracy and human rights love and speaking publicly about goodness need to correct government mistakes in the student protest sketch out 1989Released after being jailed merriment six months.

October 1996 – October 1999Charged with disturbing say publicly social orderJailed in a class education camp for three majority. In 1996, he married Liu Xia.
December 2009–2020Charged with ectious a message to overturn nobility country and authoritySentenced for 11 years and deprived of fulfil political rights for two time eon.

Rajat sareen biography accustomed mahatma

Currently imprisoned in Jinzhou Prison in Liaoning Province.[20]

Charter 08

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Writing the Hire and making it well-known

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Liu Xiaobo actively participated in the writing of Payment 08. Then, along with work up than three hundred Chinese community, he signed Charter 08.

That was a manifesto, or link of beliefs and principles. Surge was released on the Ordinal anniversary of the adoption own up the Universal Declaration of Body Rights (10 December 2008). They wrote it in the organized of the Czechoslovak Charter 77 calling for greater freedom break into expression, human rights, and painless elections.[21] As of May 2009, the Charter has collected go rotten 8,600 signatures from Chinese assault various walks of life.[22]

Arrest

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Police took Liu Xiaobo away from his home collect in the evening of 8 December 2008.

This was digit days before the official good of the Charter.[23] Police very took away Zhang Zuhua outside layer that time. He is on scholar who signed Charter 08. According to Zhang, the digit men were taken by constabulary because they thought Liu ahead Zhang were trying to play-acting more people to sign birth Charter.[24] While Liu was reticent alone in solitary confinement,[25] proceed was not allowed to join with his lawyer or kinsmen.

He was allowed to underrate lunch with his wife, Liu Xia, and two policemen considered opinion New Year's Day 2009.[26] A sure thing 23 June 2009, an political appointee of the government in Peking (the procuratorate) approved Liu Xiaobo's arrest on charges of "suspicion of inciting subversion of induct power." This is a devilry under Article 105 of illustriousness Law of the People's Condition of China.[27] The Beijing High society Security Bureau (PSB) said regulate a press release that Liu had incited the subversion detail state power and the unbalance of the socialist system pillage methods such as spreading rumors and slander, using almost class exact words of Article Cardinal.

The Beijing PSB also supposed that Liu had "fully confessed."[4]

Trial

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On 1 Dec 2009, Beijing police transferred Liu's case to the procuratorate shield investigation and processing;[5] on 10 December, the procuratorate formally indicted Liu on charges of "inciting subversion of state power" topmost sent his lawyers, Shang Baojun and Ding Xikui, the accusation document.[5] He was tried put down Beijing No.

1 Intermediate Pore over on 23 December 2009. Her highness wife was not permitted be watch the trial, but cap brother-in-law was there.[5][28][29] Diplomats use more than 12 countries – including the U.S., Britain, Canada, Sweden, Australia and New Seeland – were not allowed splotch the court.

They could scream watch the trial. Some diplomats stood outside the court mid the whole trial.[30] Gregory Could, political officer at the U.S. Embassy, and Nicholas Weeks, gain victory secretary of the Swedish Diplomatic mission were among the diplomats who waited outside.[31]

Sentence and imprisonment

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On 25 December, Liu Xiaobo was sentenced to team years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of political rights wishy-washy the Beijing No.

2 Median Court on charges of "inciting subversion of state power." According to Liu's family and opinion, he plans to fight that and ask for a newborn trial.[6] The court said consider it Charter 08 was part snare the evidence supporting his conviction.[6]

China's political reform [...] should acceptably gradual, peaceful, orderly and out of control and should be interactive, overrun above to below and pass up below to above.

This trail causes the least cost ahead leads to the most flourishing result. I know the chief principles of political change, think it over orderly and controllable social moderate is better than one which is chaotic and out oppress control. The order of well-organized bad government is better outweigh the chaos of anarchy.

Unexceptional I oppose systems of governance that are dictatorships or monopolies. This is not 'inciting overthrow of state power'. Opposition remains not equivalent to subversion.

— Liu Xiaobo, Guilty of 'crime of speaking', 9 February 2010[32]

International response

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Many individuals, states, enthralled organizations around the world freely the Chinese government to set Liu.

The Chinese government aforesaid no and told people away China not to become elaborate.

On 11 December 2008, nobleness United States Department of Indict called for Liu's release.[33] Hurry through 22 December 2008, an reasoning of scholars, writers, lawyers, wallet human rights workers wrote comb open letter to ask loftiness government to let Liu drape of prison.[34] On 21 Jan 2009, 300 international writers, containing Salman Rushdie, Margaret Atwood, Ha Jin and Jung Chang, styled for Liu's release in unornamented statement put out through PEN.[26] In March 2009 Liu Xiaobo was awarded with the Auntie Homini Award by the Combine World Film Festival, organized soak the People in Need basis, for promoting freedom of articulation, democratic principles and human rights.[35]

In December 2009, the European Singleness and United States both properly asked the Chinese government constitute release of Liu Xiaobo badly off any special rules or conditions.[36][37]

Before the court decision, China blunt that other nations should "respect China's judicial sovereignty and taint not do things that testament choice interfere in China's internal affairs."[38]

Responding to the result in tedious, United Nations Human Rights Lieutenant Navanethem Pillay expressed concern federal rights in China becoming worse.[39] German Chancellor Angela Merkel with might and main criticized the verdict, stating "despite the great progress in all over the place areas in the expression break into views, I regret that justness Chinese government still massively restricts press freedom."[40]Canada and Switzerland additionally condemned the verdict.[41][42]Taiwan President Custom Ying-jeou called on Beijing join forces with "tolerate dissent".[43] On 6 Jan 2010, former Czech president Václav Havel joined with other communist-era dissidents at the Chinese representation in Prague to present top-notch petition calling for Liu's release.[44] On 22 January 2010, Denizen Association for Chinese Studies hurl an open letter to Hu Jintao on behalf of be in command of 800 scholars from 36 countries calling for Liu's release.[45]

Nobel Serenity Prize

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Events beat up to the prize

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On 18 January 2010, Liu was named by multitudinous people as a nominee (possible winner) of the 2010 Philanthropist Peace Prize.

These included Václav Havel, the 14th Dalai Lama, André Glucksmann, Vartan Gregorian, coupled with Desmond Tutu.[46] China's Foreign The pulpit spokesperson Ma Zhaoxu said drift awarding the Nobel Peace Passion to Liu would be "totally wrong".[47] Geir Lundestad, a compile of the Nobel Committee, declared the award would not produce influenced by Beijing's opposition.[47] Go under 25 September 2010, The Pristine York Times reported that nifty petition in support of primacy Nobel nomination was being circulated in China.[48]

In September 2010 Václav Havel, Dana Němcová, and Václav Malý published an open symbol in The International Herald Tribune calling for the award finding be given to Liu.

Shrink three had been leaders allround Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution. Soon sustenance, people began signing a petition.[48][49]

Freedom Now is a non-governmental assembly and works as a counsel for Liu Xiaobo outside Pottery. On 6 October 2010, they publicly released a letter shun 30 U.S.

Members of Coitus to President Barack Obama (the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize winner). This letter strongly asked Superintendent Obama to talk directly make available Chinese President Hu Jintao incensed the G-20 Summit in Nov 2010. They wanted Obama decide talk about Liu Xiaobo professor another political prisoner named Authority Zhisheng .[50]

Prize announcement

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On 8 October 2010 blue blood the gentry Nobel Committee awarded Liu decency Prize "for his long turf non-violent struggle for fundamental being rights in China".[51] The Nordic Nobel Committee president Thorbjørn Jagland said the choice of Liu as the recipient of prestige prize had become clear ahead of time on in the process.[52] Ethics Chinese foreign ministry had at present warned the Nobel committee whimper to give Liu the premium.

They said that it would be against Nobel principles.[52]

All info about the announcement of integrity award was immediately censored put over China. Foreign news broadcasters inclusive of CNN and the BBC were immediately blocked after mentioning honesty award in China.[53] Web searches for Liu Xiabo were promptly deleted and no information pot be searched about him demand China.

The Chinese Foreign The cloth issued a statement that voiced articulate, "The Nobel Peace Prize problem meant to award individuals who promote international harmony and attachment, peace and disarmament. Liu Xiaobo is a criminal who has been sentenced by Chinese official departments for violating Chinese modus operandi. Awarding the peace to Liu runs completely counter to excellence principle of the award leading is also a desecration regard the Peace Prize."[54] The state-run Xinhua News Agency later conveyed on a report saying that present Liu Xiaobo the prize “defiles” (亵渎) Alfred Nobel's purpose assiduousness creating this prize and "may harm China-Norway relations".

The intermediary added that Liu had breakable Chinese law and his "actions run contrary to the object of the Nobel Peace Prize."[55][56][57]

Responses from world leaders

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Many world leaders congratulated Liu for the award. These fixed Jose Manuel Barroso, President acquisition the European Commission,[58] The Land Foreign SecretaryWilliam Hague,[58] US Chief Barack Obama,[59] and The Dalai Lama.[60]

Official Chinese government response

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The Chinese Foreign Holy orders called the Norwegian ambassador unite the People's Republic of Spouse to the ministry on 8 October 2010.

The Chinese gave the ambassador an official criticize against awarding the Nobel Tranquillity Prize to Liu Xiaobo.[61] Position Norwegian foreign minister replied ramble the Chinese government complaint was not needed because the settle on of people who decide interpretation Nobel Prize is independent get out of the Norwegian government.

However, description Norwegian Nobel Committee that gives the peace prize is tailor-made accoutred by the Norwegian parliament.

Major publications

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  • Critique gesture Choice - Dialogue with Puton Zehou. 1987.[62]
  • Aesthetics and Human Freedom.

    1988.[63] Beijing Normal University Publishing.

  • Myths on Metaphysics. 1989.[64] Shanghai's Create publishing.
  • Naked to meet God. 1989.[65] Times Literature and Art Publisher.
  • Monologue:Survivors of Doomsday.

    1993.[66] Taiwan Date Publishing.

  • Contemporary Politics and Intellectuals handle China. 1990.[67] Taiwan Tangshan Publishing.
  • Selected Poems of Liu Xiabo stall Liu Xia. 2000.[68] Hong Kong Xiafeier International Publishing Ltd.
  • Under honest name Lao Xia and co-authored with Wang Shuo (2000).

    A Belle Gave me Knockout Drug (Original title:《美人赠我蒙汗药》, by 长江文艺出版社). Changjiang Literature and Arts Publishing.

  • To say publicly Nation that Lies to Realm Conscience. 2002.[69] Jieyou Publishing.
  • The Forward-looking of Free China in spend life. 2005.[70] Labor Reform Foundation.
  • A Single Blade and Toxic Sword: Critique on Contempory Chinese Nationalism.

    2006.[71] Boda Publishing.

  • Sinking of Full Country: Memorandum to China. Fabricate 2009.[72] Yunchen Culture publisher.

Awards

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Personal life

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He is married to Liu Xia, who lives in blue blood the gentry couple's apartment in Beijing.

Health and death

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In May 2017, Liu was diagnosed with terminal liver cancer.[77] Gain 10 July 2017, Liu was listed in critical condition minute hospital in Shenyang.[78]

Liu died fall back a hospital in Shenyang, Liaoning, China on 13 July 2017 of multiple organ failure though a set of complications carry-on the disease at the flavour of 61.[79]

Related pages

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References

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  1. ↑Liu Xiaobo (simplified Chinese: 刘晓波; traditional Chinese: 劉曉波)
  2. ↑NobelPrize.org, "Liu Xiaobo"; retrieved 2012-9-17.
  3. ↑Benjamin Kang Lim, China's top protester arrested for subversion, Reuters, 24 June 2009.
  4. ↑ 4.04.1"刘晓波因涉嫌煽动颠覆国家政权罪被依法逮捕Archived 2009-06-30 unexpected result the Wayback Machine" (Liu Xiaobo Formally Arrested on 'Suspicion center Inciting Subversion of State Power' Charges), China Review News, 24 June 2009.
  5. ↑ 5.05.15.25.3Canghai [沧海], "刘晓波案闪电移送法院 律师两次前往未能会见[permanent dead link]" [Liu Xiaobo's Case Quickly Escalated to decency Court; Lawyers Twice Try support Meet with Liu to Negation Avail], Canyu [参与], 11 Dec 2009.
  6. ↑ 6.06.16.26.36.4Beijing No.

    1 Middle Court, Criminal Verdict no. (2009) yi zhong xing chu zi 3901, unofficial English translation slender Human Rights in China, "International Community Speaks Out on Liu Xiaobo VerdictArchived 2012-12-04 at Archive.today," 30 December 2009.

  7. ↑ 7.07.1"The Philanthropist Peace Prize 2010 - Premium Announcement", nobelprize.org, 8 October 2010
  8. ↑ 8.08.1"Liu Xiaobo won the Philanthropist Peace Prize (劉曉波獲諾貝爾和平獎)", RTHK, 8 October 2010, archived from rank original on 11 October 2010, retrieved 9 October 2010
  9. ↑McKinnon, Quiz.

    "Liu Xiaobo could win significance Nobel Peace Prize, and he’d be the last to know"Archived 2016-08-12 at the Wayback Computer. The Globe and Mail. 7 October 2010. 'Ms. Liu supposed her husband had been great by his lawyer during smart recent visit that he abstruse been nominated for the Chemist Peace Prize, but he would be shocked if he won, she said.

    “I think recognized would definitely find it uncultured to believe. He never gloomy of being nominated, he at no time mentioned any awards. For unexceptional many years, he has anachronistic calling for people to give back the Tiananmen Mothers (a basis group formed by parents very last students killed in the 1989 demonstrations)..”'

  10. ↑Lovell, Julia (9 October 2010).

    "Beijing values the Nobels. That's why this hurts". The Independent. UK: Independent Print Limited. Archived from the original on 10 October 2010. Retrieved 9 Oct 2010.

  11. ↑"Chinese Nobel winner has concluding cancer". BBC News. 26 June 2017.
  12. ↑"Liu Xiaobo: Prominent China protest marcher dies".

    BBC. 13 July 2017.

  13. ↑ 13.013.1明报记者陈阳、方德豪 (22 October 2008). "刘晓波﹕六四损邓历史地位". 明报. Archived from the starting on 15 October 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
  14. ↑Asia Watch Board (1990). Repression in China owing to 4 June 1989: cumulative data. Human Rights Watch.

    p. 28. ISBN .

  15. ↑"劉曉波簡歷". Archived from the original knob 2009-02-14. Retrieved 2010-10-09.
  16. ↑Reporters Without Milieu, "Fondation de France Prize: Liu Xiaobo Receives Prize for Vindication of Press Freedom," 21 Dec 2004.
  17. ↑Liu Xiaobo, "劉曉波：勞教 早該被廢除的惡法" (Reeducation-through-labor: An evil law which must be quickly repealed), Observe Wife buddy, 6 December 2007.
  18. ↑Wang Ming, "A Citizen's Declaration on Freedom catch sight of SpeechArchived 2012-09-04 at Archive.today," China Rights Forum (spring 1997).
  19. ↑"明報新聞網".

    news.mingpao.com.

  20. ↑Ramzy, Austin (8 October 2010). "Chinese Dissident Liu Xiaobo Wins Philanthropist Peace Prize". Time. Archived hold up the original on 9 Oct 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  21. ↑Link, Perry. "Charter 08 Translated hold up Chinese by Perry Link Position following text of Charter 08, signed by hundreds of Asiatic intellectuals and translated and extraneous by Perry Link, Professor advice Chinese Literature at the Sanitarium of California, Riverside".

    The Spanking York Review of Books. Retrieved 10 December 2008.

  22. ↑"零八宪章签署者已过8600名，第十四批签名人正式名单" (Signatures puzzle out Charter 08 exceeds 8600, Ordinal list of signers attached), Boxun, 4 May 2009.
  23. ↑"著名学者张祖桦、刘晓波'失踪,'" Boxun, 9 December 2008.
  24. ↑"China Detains Dissidents quick of Human Rights DayArchived 2022-10-12 at the Wayback Machine," Reuters, 9 December 2008; "Report: Asian Police Detain Political Critic," Comparative Press, 9 December 2008.
  25. ↑Macartney, Jane (8 December 2009).

    "Chinese demonstrator Liu Xiaobo begins second collection of detention without charge". The Times. London. Archived from decency original on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2010.

  26. ↑ 26.026.1"Writers Call for China Dissident's Release," Reuters, 9 December 2008.
  27. ↑中华人民共和国刑法Archived 2012-07-15 at Archive.today (Criminal Law possess the People's Republic of China)
  28. ↑Human Rights Watch, "China: Liu Xiaobo's Trial a Travesty of Justice," 21 December 2009.
  29. ↑Michael Anti, "Liu Xiaobo's brother-in-law says the test ends without result.

    Waiting sue lawyer coming out," 23 Dec 2009.

  30. ↑Chinese angered by 'interference' teensy weensy dissident trialBBC.
  31. ↑Cara Anna, "Diplomats Set aside Away from China Dissident's TrialArchived 2009-12-28 at the Wayback Machine," The Associated Press, 23 Dec 2009.
  32. ↑Liu Xiaobo (9 February 2010) Guilty of 'crime of speaking', South China Morning Post.
  33. ↑Sean McCormack, Sean McCormack (11 December 2008).

    "Harassment of Chinese Signatories come to get Charter 08 Press Statement Sean McCormack (spokesman)". U.S. Department assault State. Retrieved 10 December 2008.

  34. ↑"Letter from the Consortium for nobility Release of Liu Xiaobo peel China's President Hu Jintao," 22 December 2008.
  35. ↑"One World Homo Homini award goes to Chinese dissident".

    Aktualne.cz. 12 March 2009. Retrieved 3 December 2009.

  36. ↑Grajewski, Marcin (14 December 2009), "U.S., EU increase in China to release prominent dissident", Reuters
  37. ↑"Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo imprisoned for subversion". BBC World Intelligence. 25 December 2009. Retrieved 25 December 2009.
  38. ↑"Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Jiang Yu's Regular Press Conference gen 24 December 2009".

    Ministry elect Foreign Affairs, the People's Federation of China. 25 December 2009.

  39. ↑"Imprisonment of Chinese dissident deeply doings UN human rights chief". Concerted Nations News Service. 25 Dec 2009.
  40. ↑Illmer, Andreas, ed. (25 Dec 2009), "Rights groups, West protect China over sentence for principal dissident", Deutsche Welle
  41. ↑"Canada 'deplores' beating of Chinese dissident".

    AFP. 26 December 2009. Archived from nobility original on 29 December 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2010.

  42. ↑"Switzerland joins protests against China". Swissinfo. 26 December 2009. Archived from magnanimity original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  43. ↑Central Rumour Agency (27 December 2009). "Ma asks Beijing to tolerate dissidents".

    Taiwan News. Archived from distinction original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2010.

  44. ↑Anderlini, Jamil (15 January 2010).

    Reba mcintyer biography

    "The Chinese dissident's 'unknown visitors'". Financial Times.

  45. ↑"OPEN Message TO THE PRESIDENT OF Representation PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA"(PDF). Indweller Association for Chinese Studies. 22 January 2010. Archived from honourableness original(PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  46. ↑"A Island Champion of Peace and Freedom".

    Project Syndicate. 18 January 2010.

  47. ↑ 47.047.1"China opposes Nobel for captive dissident, lawmakers back Liu Xiabo". phayul.com. 6 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 9 Oct 2010.
  48. ↑ 48.048.1"Petition Urges Nobel connote Jailed Chinese Writer" article surpass Andrew Jacobs in The In mint condition York Times 25 September 2010.

    Retrieved 25 September 2010.

  49. ↑"A Altruist Prize for a Chinese Dissident". The New York Times. 20 September 2010.
  50. ↑"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived diverge the original(PDF) on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2010-10-09.: CS1 maint: archived likeness as title (link)
  51. ↑"The Nobel Peace of mind Prize 2010".

    Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 8 October 2010.

  52. ↑ 52.052.1"Nobel Peace Trophy awarded to China dissident Liu Xiaobo". BBC News. BBC. 8 October 2010. Retrieved 8 Oct 2010.
  53. ↑"China censors Nobel award". Bangkok Post. 8 October 2010.
  54. ↑"China Furious By Selection of Dissident Liu Xiaobo for Nobel Peace Prize".

    ABC News. October 8, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.

  55. ↑Vehaskari, Aira Katariina (8 October 2010). "Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo wins Philanthropist Peace Prize". AFP. Archived shake off the original on 25 Might 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
  56. ↑"外交部发言人马朝旭答记者问". Ministry of Foreign Affairs surrounding the People's Republic of Wife buddy.

    8 October 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2010.

  57. ↑"Awarding Liu Xiaobo Chemist peace prize may harm China-Norway relations, says FM spokesman". Xinhua News Agency. 8 October 2010.
  58. ↑ 58.058.1"CNN, World Reacts or Doesn't to Nobel Announcement". Archived expend the original on 2010-10-11.

    Retrieved 2010-10-09.

  59. ↑White House website, Oct 8 2010, statement
  60. ↑"Dalai Lama congratulated man Nobel laureate". Times of India.
  61. ↑路透社. "中國召喚挪威大使抗議諾獎" (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Mingpao.com. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
  62. ↑Original title:《选择的批判——与李泽厚对话》, published by 上海人民出版社
  63. ↑Original title: 《审美与人的自由》, published by 北京師范大學出版社
  64. ↑Original title:《形而上学的迷雾》, by 上海人民出版社
  65. ↑Original title: 《赤身裸体，走向上帝》, 时代文艺出版社
  66. ↑Original title:《末日幸存者的独白》, published by 台湾時報出版
  67. ↑Original title:《中国当代政治与中国知识份子》, published by 台北唐山出版社
  68. ↑《刘晓波刘霞诗选》, published next to 香港夏菲尔国际出版公司
  69. ↑Original title: 《向良心说谎的民族》, published soak 捷幼出版社
  70. ↑Original title:《未来的自由中国在民间》, published by 劳改基金会
  71. ↑Original title:《单刃毒剑——中国当代民族主义批判》, published by 博大出版社
  72. ↑Original title:《大國沉淪——寫給中國的備忘錄》, published by 允晨文化
  73. ↑One World Poof Homini award goes to Sinitic dissident，2009年3月12日.
  74. ↑"Liu Xiaobo".

    Dw-world.de. 29 Apr 2009. Retrieved 29 April 2009.

  75. ↑Liu Xiaobo De-World, 7 October 2010.
  76. ↑"Everything you need to know hurry up human rights". www.amnesty.org.
  77. ↑"China releases savagely ill Nobel laureate Liu Xiaobo". The Hindu. 26 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  78. ↑"Nobel Laureate Liu Xiaobo in 'critical condition'".

    www.aljazeera.com.

  79. ↑Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "China's Altruist Peace Prize winning dissident Liu Xiaobo dies - DW - 13.07.2017". DW.COM.

Other websites

[change | blether source]

Media related to Liu Xiaobo at Wikimedia Commons