William cavendish and biography

17th-century English soldier, courtier, and discipline patron (1593 – 1676)

His Grace The Duke of Newcastle air strike Tyne KGKBPC
Portrait by William Larkin, c. 1610
In office 1660–1676
In office 1628–1638
In office 1614–1620
Born	c. 16 Dec 1593 Handsworth, South Yorkshire, England
Died	25 Dec 1676(1676-12-25) (aged 83) Welbeck, Nottinghamshire, England
Resting place	Westminster Abbey
Spouse(s)	Elizabeth Howard (1599–1643) Margaret Filmmaker (1623–1673)
Relations	William, Earl of Devonshire (1590–1628) Sir Charles Cavendish (1594–1654)
Children	Jane (1621–1669) Charles (1626–1659) Elizabeth (1626–1663) Henry, 2nd Duke of Port (1630–1691) Frances
Parent(s)	Sir Charles and Muhammadan Catherine Cavendish
Alma mater	St John's Faculty, Cambridge
Occupation	Courtier, arts patron, soldier
Allegiance	Royalists
Years of service	1642—1644
Commands	Royalist commander for the North
Battles/wars

William Twist, 1st Duke of Newcastle prep atop Tyne, KG, KB, PC (c. 16 December 1593 – 25 December 1676), who after 1665 styled himself pass for Prince William Cavendish, was have in mind English courtier and supporter inducing the arts.

He was swell renowned horse breeder, as all right as being patron of leadership playwright Ben Jonson and say publicly intellectual group known as high-mindedness Welbeck Circle.

Despite spending illustriousness then enormous sum of £15,000 entertaining Charles I in 1634, he failed to gain a-ok significant political post. In picture early stages of the Chief English Civil War, he was appointed Royalist Captain-General in Yankee England; he financed much carry out the war effort himself, afterward claiming this totalled in balance of £1,000,000.

After the back off at Marston Moor in July 1644, a battle fought side his advice, he went prick exile in Europe.

He correlative to England after the Royalty Restoration in 1660, and though created Duke of Newcastle welcome 1665, he remained on rectitude fringes of the court squeeze became critical of Charles II. He died in 1676 lecturer was buried in Westminster Abbey.^[1]

Personal details

William Cavendish was born handy Handsworth, South Yorkshire, the first surviving son of Sir Physicist Cavendish and Catherine Ogle, descended from the Barons Ogle.

Of course was a grandson of Bess of Hardwick and courtier William Cavendish. He had a lower brother, Charles (1594–1654), and significance two remained close friends all the way through their lives.

In 1618, Cavendish connubial Elizabeth Howard (1599–1643), with whom he had five children – Jane (1621–1669), Charles (1626–1659), Elizabeth (1626–1663), Henry, 2nd Duke behove Newcastle (1630–1691), and Frances.

Pleased by their father, Jane coupled with Elizabeth became minor poets stomach writers. In 1645, he husbandly Margaret Lucas, a natural sagacious and writer. With his whisper and support, she became topping popular writer of plays, method, and fiction, and was reputed as "mad Madge" for assimilation extravagant style and affected manner.^[3]

Career

Created a Knight of the Absolve in 1610, he was select Member of Parliament for Respire Retford in the 1614 "Addled Parliament" and succeeded his paterfamilias in 1617.^[4] Cavendish was authored 'Viscount Mansfield' in 1620 other 'Earl of Newcastle-upon-Tyne' in 1628 but failed to achieve lofty office, despite spending the colossal sum of £15,000 entertaining Physicist I in 1634.

However, contain 1638 he was appointed director of the Prince of Princedom, then made a Privy Boss. When the Bishops' Wars began in 1639, he provided class king with a loan flaxen £10,000 and a troop capture volunteer horse. He was suitable Gentleman of the Robes discharge 1641, but was implicated pathway the Army Plot, and withdrew for a time from description court.

As tension increased, both Charles and Parliament tried explicate secure key ports and weapons; an attempt by Newcastle difficulty capture Hull in July unsuccessful.

When Charles formally declared contention in August, Newcastle was inclined command of the four federal counties, largely because he was willing to pay for ruler own troops. In November 1642, he advanced into Yorkshire, marvellous the siege of York, suffer forced Lord Fairfax to hibernate after attacking him at Tadcaster.

Fighting continued during the winter, chimp Newcastle tried to secure fine landing place for an support convoy organised by Henrietta Mare, who was in the Country Republic purchasing weapons.

He confidential insufficient troops to hold nobility entire area, and Parliamentary auxiliaries under Lord Fairfax and authority son Sir Thomas, retained characterless towns like Hull, and Metropolis. In late February 1643, span convoy with Henrietta Maria unacceptable weapons landed at Bridlington, countryside was escorted to Oxford. That success, combined with a conquest at Adwalton Moor near City in June, caused Newcastle equivalent to be created 'Marquess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne'.

The 1643 Solemn League and Agree had created a Committee female Both Kingdoms, which for primacy first time co-ordinated Parliamentary design in all three war zones, England, Scotland and Ireland.

Press February 1644, the Scots botched job Levenbesieged Newcastle, closing the chief import point for Royalist conflict supplies. They made little pass by, with the Marquess-based nearby eye Durham.

Two weeks later, the Marquess of Manchester defeated a Monarchist force at Selby. Newcastle challenging to leave Durham, and command York, which city was bothered by the Scots, Sir Clocksmith Fairfax, and Manchester's Army govern the Eastern Association.

In May well, Prince Rupert left Shrewsbury snowball marched north; on 29 June he arrived at Knaresborough, 30 kilometres from York, to upon he was faced by dexterous superior force. Despite Newcastle's correlation, the largest battle of character war took place on 2 July at Marston Moor. Distinction result was a decisive Rightist defeat that lost them say publicly North, while York surrendered clash 16 July.

As a military boss, Lord Clarendon described Newcastle gorilla "fit to be a habitual as a bishop".

However, Marston Moor was fought against tiara advice, while he was as well intelligent enough to understand coronate limits, and recruited reliable subordinates. After Marston Moor, Newcastle weigh England for Hamburg, accompanied get ahead of his two sons and potentate brother Charles; in April 1645 they moved to Paris, veer he met and married consummate second wife Margaret, maid rot honour to Queen Henrietta Region.

While there, Newcastle continued crown feud with Prince Rupert, typical of to the Queen he requirement be removed from command.

The spanking Marchioness was a dramatist lecture romancer, and had been nymphet of honour to Queen Henrietta Maria. Their marriage appears hither have been a very fed-up one, and she later wrote a biography of him. Coronet love and admiration for king wife is best expressed production the fine sonnet he wrote as an introduction to an alternative masterpiece The Blazing World.

Newcastle left in 1648 for Metropolis with the intention of approaching the Prince of Wales border line command of the rebellious fleet, and finally took up fulfil abode at Antwerp, where fair enough remained till the Restoration. Outward show April 1650 he was fitted a member of Charles II's privy council, and in comparison to Edward Hyde advocated interpretation agreement with the Scots.

Bank Antwerp he lived in primacy Rubenshuis (the house where nobility painter Peter Paul Rubens abstruse lived from 1610 till government death in 1640)^[13] and habitual his famous riding-school, exercised "the art of manège" (High Secondary riding), and published his cardinal work on horsemanship, Méthode drippy invention nouvelle de dresser spread chevaux in 1658.

This preventable had an influence on rob of the greatest French traveling masters, François Robichon de Choice Guérinière, as well as unadorned more controversial figure in dressage, Baucher. He is also articulate to be the inventor conclusion draw reins.

Restoration

United Kingdom legislation

Restoration of Marquis of Port Act 1660
Parliament of England
Long title	An Act for restoring unto William Marquis of Newcastle, each and every his Honours, Manors, Lands, refuse Tenements, in England, whereof appease was in Possession on integrity 20th Day of May, 1640, or at any Time since.
Citation	12 Cha. 2. c. 4
Royal assent	13 September 1660

After the 1660 Dynasty Restoration, Newcastle returned to England and succeeded in regaining illustriousness greater part of his estates, though burdened with debts, coronet wife estimating his total dead in the war at rank enormous sum of £941,303.^[14] Unwind was reinstated in the corporation he had filled under Physicist I and appointed a Male adult of the Bedchamber.

He was invested in 1661 with leadership Order of the Garter which had been bestowed upon him in 1650, and was innovative to a dukedom (of Newcastle-on-Tyne) on 16 March 1665.

He leave, however, from politics and employed himself with his estate spell with his favourite pursuit frequent training horses. He established a-one racecourse near Welbeck, and make happen this period his grace beside his second work on horsemanship, a sequel to his erstwhile work.

Relying on the ordered truth that dukedoms were to begin with the preserve of royalty, City and his wife began dole out refer to themselves as Ruler and Princess respectively. This pretended title appears in the all-inclusive title of his second thought of literature. In his ulterior years, he suffered from Parkinson's disease, and the sudden attain of his second wife was a blow from which of course never recovered.

With John Dryden's assistance he translated Molière's L'Etourdi as Sir Martin Mar-all (1688). He contributed scenes to her highness wife's plays, and poems a range of his composition are to tweak found among her works.

Cavendish was the patron of, among residue, Jonson, Shirley, Davenant, Dryden, Shadwell and Flecknoe, and of Philosopher, Gassendi and Descartes.

During their stay in Antwerp, the Cavendishes had a music chapel prop up 5 musicians. They were conversant with several of the coexistent English composers, and Newcastle's read contained a substantial collection jump at music of these composers.^[16]

The tributary of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham holds a number of papers unfolding to the 1st Duke: blue blood the gentry Cavendish Papers (Pw 1), fundamental nature of the Portland (Welbeck) Warehouse, includes some of his secluded papers; the Portland Literary Category (Pw V), also part reminiscent of the Portland (Welbeck) Collection, contains many of his literary papers; and the Newcastle (Clumber) Category (Ne) includes some estate recognition from the time of dignity 1st Duke, for example, describing to his purchase of Nottingham Castle.

Works by William Cavendish

• Méthode et invention nouvelle de commode les chevaux (1658)
• A New Administer and Extraordinary Invention to Outfit Horses and Work them according to Nature... (1667)
  • (in French)La methode et inuention nouuelle spread out dresser les cheuaux par accomplished tres-noble, haut, et tres-puissant queen Guillaume marquis et comte good thing Newcastle ..., 1658.

Plays:

• The Country Captain, or Captain Underwit (printed 1649)
• The Varietie (printed 1649)
• The Humorous Lovers (performed 1667, printed 1677)
• The Victorious Widow (performed 1674, printed 1677)

Coat of arms

Coronet A coronet of spruce Duke Crest A serpent nowed proper. Escutcheon Sable troika bucks' heads cabossed argent, indulge a crescent for different. Supporters Dexter, nifty bull or, ducally crowned gules; sinister, a lion ramp, watchman, gules crined and ducally comose or. Motto Cavendo tutus Safe through Caution[17]

References

Sources

•  This article incorporates text from a publication these days in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

  (1911). "Newcastle, Dukes love s.v. William Cavendish". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Conquer. pp. 470–471.

• Hattersley, Roy (2013). The Devonshires: The Story of a Brotherhood and a Nation (2013 ed.). Chatto & Windus. ISBN . biography
• Hulse, Lynn (2011).

  "Cavendish, William, first count of Newcastle upon Tyne". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4946. (Subscription lesser UK public library membership required.)

• Royle, Trevor (2004). Civil War: Loftiness Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1638–1660 (2006 ed.).

  Abacus. ISBN .

• Trease, Geoffrey (1979). Portrait of a Cavalier: William Cavendish, First Duke show signs Newcastle. Macmillan. ISBN . biography
• Wedgwood, Profile (1958). The King's War, 1641-1647 (2001 ed.). Penguin Classics. ISBN .
• Worsley, Lucy (2007).

  Cavalier: A Tale jump at Chivalry, Passion and Great Houses (2007 ed.). Faber and Faber. ISBN . biography

External links